Heater.



S. J. LUKASZEWSKI.

HEATER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 26. I915- Patented Mar. 27, 1917.

4 SHEETS-SHEEY 1.

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HEATER.

APPLICAHON man JULY 26. 1915.

Patented Mar. 27, 1917.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

1 S. J. LUKASZEWSKI.

HEATER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 26, I915.

Patented Mar. 2'7, 1917 4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

Flwuautoc t it STANISLAW J. LUKASZEWSKI, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

HEATER.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented 1W 1917.

Application filed July 26, 1915. Serial N 0. 42,083.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, STANISLAW J. LUKAS- ZEWSKI, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Detroit, in the county of WVayne and State ofMichigan, have invented a new and useful Heater, of which the followingis a specification.

This invention relates to water heaters in which a volatile hydro-carbonconstitutes the fuel, and its object is to provide a heater which, whenmounted on the chassis of an automobile, will not be extinguished by thejarring of the vehicle when in motion or by the blast of air caused bythe fan, which will be strong and compact, and which can be built atcomparatively low cost.

This invention consists in a heating coil and a shell for the same, anovel bottom for the shell provided with a drainage connection, a novelburner within the shell having a drain for conducting the unvolatilizedfuel, a trough for receiving this liquid fuel provided with .means forcontrolling the maximum height of the fuel therein, and a novel electricigniter for the fuel in the trough.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a side elevation of thisimproved heater. Fig. 2 is a vertical central section on a planeparallel to that of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a plan of the head of thecylindrical shell. Fig. 4: is a section on the line l4c of Fig. 2, Fig.5 is a plan of the burner. Fig. 6.is a plan of the igniter trough. Fig.7 is a section on the line 7-7 of Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a section on theline 8-8 of Fig. 6. Fig. 9 is a plan of the bottom of the shell. Fig. 10is a section on the line 10-10 of Fig. 2. Fig. 11 is a section on theline 11-11 of Fig. 2. Fig. 12is a perspective of a baffle plate.

Similar reference characters refer to like parts throughout the severalviews.

, This heater may be used wherever water or other liquids are to beheated, but is especially adapted for heating the circulating liquid ofautomobile engines, as set forth in my prior Patent No. 1,007,710, datedNovember 7, 1911, and may be mounted in the position shown in thedrawings of said patent. The present structure conslsts generally of apair of heating coils and the shell therefor, a burner and its igniter,and the shell or casing for the burner.

The heating coils 1 and 2 preferably have the same number of turns, andtheir ends are welded, brazed or otherwise connected into the fittings4t and 5, as shown in Figs. 2. and 41. The shell inclosing the coils ispreferably formed of the two tubular meinbers 6 and 7, preferably ofsheet steel, with the layer 8 of asbestos between them. A supply pipe 9may screw into the fitting at, and a discharge pipe 10, preferably inthe form of a nipple, may screw into the fitting 5. A nut 12 on thenipple 10 may hold the upper ends of the coils and the fitting 5 inposition, while the elbow 13 may be screwed onto the nipple outside ofthe nut. A nut 14: on the pipe 9 may hold the lower ends of the coilsand the fitting 4 in their proper position. A window 15 of any desiredcharacter may be provided at any convenient location.

As shown in Figs. 2 and 9, the bottom of the shell is generally in theform of a hemisphere '16 having a rectangular extension 17, the lowerpart of which is rounded. The bottom can be secured to the shell bymeans of screws 18 passing through the brackets 19 into the lugs 20'atthe rim of the bottom, and also by the plate 22 secured to the shell bymeans of the screw 23 and provided with an inturned end 24 that engagesthe shoulder 25 on this bottom. The rim of the bottom is formed with. agroove 26 (Fig. 9) to receive the rounded end 27 of the valve body 28 ofthe burner, which end 27 is also mounted in a similar groove in thelower edge of the shell. By removing the screws 18 and 28, the bottomand the burner can be removed.

Fitting the upper end of the shell is a head 29 (Fig. 3) provided withdownwardly extending lips 30 that fit against the interior wall of theshell, as shown in Fig. 2, a screw 32 extending through the shell intoeach lip. Holes 33 in the head permit the escape of products ofcombustion, and small pedestals 34: may be formed on the head to supportcooking pots or pans a sufiicient distance from the head to prevent themstopping these holes 33. A baffle 35 may be secured to the lower face ofthe head to prevent too rapid flow of the hot gases, and a screen 36 offine wire gauze may be used to prevent the passage of flame from thein-- terior of the shell.

A hood is normally mounted on the shell and consists of the body 38having a lower flange 39 adapted to fit around the upper end of theshell, being provided with bayonet slots 40 to receive the heads ofscrews 32 and be thus secured to the shell. A cylindrical band 42 issupported by the skirting 4L3, mounted on the body, by means of ears44.. A cap 45 has downwardly extending ears 46 that are attached to theband 42. This hood prevents the blast of air, caused by the fan just inthe rear of the radiator, from passing into and down within the shellwhile permitting all products of combustion to escape.

The burner and its igniter are mounted within the shell and areconstructed as follows. (See Fig. 2). A central tube has the lower endof its bore threaded to re ceive a nipple 51, which passes through ahole 52 in the bottom (Fig. 9) and receives a nut 53 by means of whichthe parts are held rigidly in position. The fuel supply pipe will beconnected to this nipple. At the upper end of the nipple 51 is a ball 54that constitutes a check valve and prevents surging of the liquid fuelin the burner. This tube 50 may be filled with filter gauze 55, ifdesired. At the upper end of this tube is the valve body 28 having atransverse'bore 56, in which the needle valve stem 57 is mounted, thetapering valve 58 at one end controls the flow of fuel from the passage59. A bearing60- for the stem is fastened in the outer end of thevalvebody, and a disk 62 having radial teeth maybe mounted on the outer endof this bearing. A handle 63 is secured to the stem 57 and provided witha resilient detent ca that engages the teeth on the disk 62 and thusprevents the stem from being turned through the jarring of the vehicleon which the heater is mounted.

A U-shaped mixing tube has parallel arms 65 and 66, one above the other,the lower being in alinement with the fuel discharge passage 59. Theupper arm is fitted in an opening in the outer shell 67 of the burnerproper, the upper portion of which is curved inwardly to form a burnerring 68 provided with slits 69 through which may pass the volatilizedfuel and the air mixed therewith. A frusto-conical thimble 71 fitswithin this ring at its upper end and has a radial flange 72 thatextends across the end of the 'shell 67 to complete the fuel chamber. A

few small holes 7 3 in this thimble 71 in line with the arm 65 of themixing tube perm t a small amount of the fuel vapor to pass into thespace around the stem 74. The U-tube,

of any desirable insulating material carries a connector 86 that joinsto the spark plug by means of a wire 87 and to an engaging clamp 88 bymeans of the wire 89.

Mounted on the central raised portion of the trough is a perforatedthimble 91, air passing up through the center of the trough into thisthimble and then laterally outward. An annular plate 92, substantially Ushaped in cross-section, confines the flame and also supplies it withair. A baffle plate 93 secured to the nozzle 94 by means of nuts 95prevents the flame of the burning liquid in the trough from igniting thefuel that flows from the orifice 59. The bottom of the arm 66 of themixing tube is so formed as to drain to the short pipe 96 thatdischarges into the trough 75.

Secured to the rectanguar extension 17 of the bottom and to the shell ofthe heater is an air chamber having sides 100, 101 and 102. Its cover103 is mounted on the bracket 104 carried by the side 102 and on theshell, at such a distance above the air chamber that the flange orskirting 106 of this cover extends only a slight distance below theupper edge of the chamber. This cover is formed with perforations 105 topermit the escape of the excess of air which enters below the flange106.

A baflie plate 107 having ears 109 may be connected to the cover, asshown in Figs. 2, 10 and 11. A plate 108 (Fig. 4) may be secured toextend between the walls 100 and 101, forming an air space between theair chamber and the shell of the heater. The walls 100 and 101 are shownformed with air holes 110. The operation of this device v is as follows:

The heater coils 1 and 2 are always full of the liquid to be heated.When the operation of the heater is desired, the handle 63 is turnedback to slightly open the orifice 59. This will permit fuel to be forcedfrom this orifice and flow across into the lower' arm 66 of the mixingtube, thence down the pipe 96 into the trough 75. The clamp 88 is thenconnected to a spark plug of the engine or to any other source of aproper current, which causes a spark to jump across from one of thepoints 79-84: to the other, which ignites the liquid in the trough. Theflame from this liquid passes up around the tube 50 and heats the valvebody 28 and soon volatilizes the liquid fuel. When volatilized, the fuelwill mix with air in the mixing tube and pass into the ring 67 and outthrough the small holes 7 3 and the slits 69. The flame from the troughwill ignite the fuel vapor, which will burn at these holes and slits,the flame at the holes 7 3 heating the stem 74C and thereby the body 28after the flame in the trough 75 is extinguished because of lack offuel.

Should the fuel in the trough 75 accumulate Cit too rapidly, it willflow off through the passage 80 into the trough 112 in the bottom 16,and may then be drained away by means of the pipe 113. As this heater isespecially intended for use on automobiles which are usually kept forcomparatively long periods of time in cold garages, it is oftendesirable to keep the heater in operation during the entire time thevehicle is thus stored. In order to prevent the flame of the heater fromigniting any fumes of the hydrocarbon fuel that may be spilled on thefloor, the screens 36 and 111 are provided and are of such fineness thata flame cannot pass through them, thus rendering a fire because of theuse of this heater impossible.

It is often desirable to keep the heater in operation While theautomobile is moving from place to place, especially when the vehic e isused for delivering goods or for soliciting orders. In such case, and onvery windy days, strong blasts of air pass around the heater which wouldaffect the flame unless proper battle plates were employed. By using acover 103 having a flange 106 extending down below the upper edge of theair chamber, and by mounting a baflie plate 107 as shown, the flow ofair into the chamber is greatly impeded.

As automobiles are constantly growing in favor for picnic purposes, thehood of this heater is made removable so that cooking utensils may beplaced over the head 29, and food can then be heated while the engine iskept warm.

Many changes in the details and proportions of my construction may bemade by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of myinvention as set forth in the annexed claims.

I claim:

1. In a hydro-carbon burner, the combination of a valve body having ahorizontal fuel discharge orifice, a valve within the valve body; tocontrol the flow of fuel, a burner ring mounted on said body, a U-shapedmixing tube having its arms in the same vertical plane with the upperarm connected into said burner ring and its lower arm in alinement withbut spaced apart from said fuel orifice, a trough mounted below thevalve body, means to conduct fuel thereto from the mixing tube, electricmeans to ignite said fuel, and a shield mounted below and extendingacross between said fuel orifice and the inlet end of the mixing tube toprevent the flame from the trough igniting the fuel at said orifice.

2. In a hydro-carbon burner, the combination of a valve body having ahorizontal fuel discharge orifice, a valve within the valve body tocontrol the flow of fuel, a .U-shaped mixing tube having one arm inalinement with but spaced apart from said fuel orifice, a burner ring atthe end of the other arm of said mixing tube, a fuel trough below saidvalve body, a tube to convey unvaporized fuel from the mixing tube tosaid trough, means to ignite the fuel in said trough, and means mountedbelow the mixing tube and the discharge orifice in the valve body andextending across the space between them to prevent the flame from thetrough igniting the fuel at said orifice.

3. In a hydro-carbon burner, the combination of a valve body having ahorizontal discharge orifice, a tube to feed fuel thereto, a valve tocontrol the flow of fuel from said discharge orifice, a burner ringabove said body, a U-shaped mixing tube having one arm connected intosaid burner ring and the other arm adjacent to but spaced apart from thefuel orifice, said mixing tube having a depressed portion adjacent itsinlet opening, a fuel trough below the valve body, a drain pipe leadingfrom the-depressed portion of the mixing tube to said trough, anelectric ignitcr mounted adjacent to said trough, and means mountedbelow the mixing tube and the discharge orifice in the valve body andextending across the space between them to prevent the flame from thetrough igniting the fuel at said orifice.

4. In a hydro-carbon burner, the combination of a valve body having ahorizontal fuel discharge orifice, a valve within the valve body tocontrol the flow of fuel, a U-shaped mixing tube having one arm inalinement with but spaced apart from said fuel orifice, a burner ring atthe end of the other arm of said mixing tube, a fuel trough below saidvalve body, a tube to convey unvaporized fuel from the mixing tube tosaid trough,

means to ignite the fuel in said trough, and

means to prevent the flame from the trough igniting the fuel at saidorifice, said trough being formed with a drain whereby the height of thefuel therein is limited.

5. Ina hydro-carb0n burner, the combination of a valve body having afuel discharge orifice, a valve within the valve body to control theflow of fuel, a tube to feed fuel thereto, a burner ring, a mixing tubehaving its outlet end connected into the burner ring and its inlet endadjacent to but spaced apart frOm the discharge orifice of the valvebody, said mixing tube being formed with a depressed portion adjacentits inlet end, a trough mounted below the valve body, a tube to conveyliquid fuel from said depressed portion of the mixing tube to saidtrough, means to ignite the fuel in the trough, 'and means to preventthe flame from the trough igniting the fuel at said orifice.

6. A burner comprising a valve body having a horizontal dischargeorifice, a valve within the valve body to control the flow of fuel, aslitted burner ring mounted above the valve body, a U-shaped mixing tubehaving its arms in a vertical plane with one arm connectedinto saidburner ring and the other in alinement with said orifice, a fuel tubeconnected to the valve body, a fuel trough below the valve body, a drainpipe leading from the mixing tube to the trough, means to control thelevel of fuel in the trough, and an electric igniter mounted adjacentsaid trough.

7. A burner comprising a valve body having a horizontal dischargeorifice, a valve within the valve body to control the flow of fuel, aslitted burner ring mounted above the valve body, a U-shaped mixing tubehaving its arms in a vertical plane with one arm connected into saidburner ring and the other in alinement with said orifice, a fuel tubeconnected to the valve body, an annular fuel trough below said valvebody, a perforated cap mounted in the middle of the trough which isformedwith passages to supply air to said cap, a drain pipe leading fromthe mixing tube to the trough, and an electric igniter mounted adjacentsaid trough.

S. A burner comprising a valve body having a horizontal dischargeorifice, a valve within the valve body to control the flow of fuel, aslitted burner ring mounted above the valve body, a U-shaped mixing tubehaving its arms in a vertical plane with one arm connected into saidburner ring and the other in alinement with said orifice, a fuel tubeconnected to the valve body, a fuel trough below the valve body, a drainpipe leading from the mixing tube to the trough, and an electric ignitermounted adjacent said trough, said trough being formed with an overflowpassage to predetermine the maximum height of fuel in the trough.

In testimony whereof I sign this'specification.

STANISLAlV J. LUKASZEVVSKI.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, I). G.

